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What Is Green Mobility? Green Mobility develops corporate programmes to reduce the number of commute trips in cities by private motor vehicles. This does not just reduce traffic congestion but also improves public transportation systems and the quality of life. Green mobility can be used to reduce air pollution, decrease climate impact, and encourage an active lifestyle. Examples of green mobility are: Policy Interventions A range of policy instruments can help in promoting green mobility. The first category includes spatial strategies that aim to restrain urban car traffic and encourage the use of sustainable transport modes. These are typically small-scale actions (e.g., restrictions on parking spaces, speed limits or the use of cycle lanes) and offer a lot of range of flexibility as they can be adapted to local conditions. Another set of guidelines aims to change the modal structure by promoting alternative vehicle fuels and technologies (e.g. EVs) or by promoting sharing of vehicles and routes. These policies could also include measures to improve the accessibility of public transportation services, such as through financial incentives or more mobility options. In addition, the promotion of green mobility can involve a shift in business models and economic development as well as a re-evaluation of land-use and transport planning. However, this requires political will and a large level of inter-sector coordination. In addition, it should be considered that a broad and equitable shift towards green mobility will require addressing existing inequalities. For instance in cities that have an emphasis on high-value jobs such as business services and information and communication technology, the development of green mobility can lead to increased access for middle and upper class neighbourhoods while reducing the availability of jobs and opportunities in lower income neighborhoods. A third set of policy instruments aims to decrease negative externalities of transportation and promotes a more sustainable energy supply, including renewable sources and carbon pricing. These policies are able to be implemented at local or national EU levels. They could take the form of a fee or tax on the ownership of a vehicle and its operation or more comprehensive regulation of vehicle use. They could also aid in the development of electric vehicles as well as the charging infrastructure that supports them and promote a switch to more sustainable forms of mobility. Locally, this may mean creating initiatives to promote sustainability and establishing a new habit through education, awareness campaign and a range of other initiatives. At the national and EU levels, it can include leveraging global economic stimulus to encourage the purchase of EVs and expanding high-speed rail systems, and also supporting research and development in the field of hydrogen and batteries. EV Adoption The rate of transition between traditional internal combustion (IC) and electric power is based on a variety of factors. For one, a country's economic situation and national policy impact how EV adoption can increase. Historically, high-income nations like Norway and China, have led the charge by their ardent support for both EV production and consumer incentive programs. These financial incentives helped to create a dynamic EV industry, which led to lower costs. These countries also have strong policies on energy that encourage sustainable energy use. They also focus on the development of a large public charging infrastructure to help reduce the fear of range for consumers who are just beginning to adopt electric vehicles. This strategy has had a positive impact on overall EV adoption. This is reflected in the vehicle-in use data, which indicates that the proportion of the fleet is EV is increasing faster than registrations for new vehicles or retirements. Despite these positive trends, EV penetration is still below expectations. The good news is the anticipated rate of growth will increase due to ongoing and future technological advances. This will lower battery prices even further. Many Considerers and Skeptics are likely to switch to EV ownership earlier. The accelerating growth of EV ownership is also being caused by the fact that more people are utilizing EVs as their primary vehicle for work. They can aid in shifting the company's fleets to an eco-friendly option. This can help to reduce a company's carbon footprint and contribute to the larger goal of creating a net zero world of mobility. If policymakers are more focused on long-term investment or short-term incentive will ultimately determine the rate at which EVs are replacing traditional vehicles. No matter which path the country chooses to go it is important to keep in mind that, in order for EVs to succeed and be the most environmentally sustainable option, they need to become an increasing proportion of the fleet. All stakeholders must be involved, including consumers, the government and the entire industry. EV Charging Infrastructure To reap the benefits of electric vehicles, owners of EVs require a reliable charging infrastructure. This includes public EV chargers which can be located in multi-unit residences, workplaces and parking garages, as well as other public facilities. Additionally, My Mobility Scooters includes home charging stations that can be put in by EV drivers, and on-demand portable chargers that can be used on-the-go to help reduce range anxiety. This charging infrastructure supports electrification of the transportation system and contributes to the nation's goal of a clean energy system. It is being constructed across rural, suburban and urban communities. The Biden Administration partners with state and local governments to encourage EV adoption. This is achieved by making it easier to invest in new charging facilities. EV charging is a simple and healthy alternative to gasoline-powered cars and trucks. It is able to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollution, and contribute to climate-change mitigation. In addition, it can aid in economic development and create jobs with high wages. Despite the many benefits an EV can provide, there are still obstacles to its widespread use. This includes the price of the EV and the lack of public charging. Offering a fair and equitable access to EV charging can help overcome these obstacles, ensuring that everyone in the community can benefit from the environmental and health benefits of green mobility. This can be achieved by establishing a public network of charging stations for electric vehicles in the community. In addition, it can be promoted through programs that offer incentives to private entities and organizations to install EV chargers at their properties. This could include tax credits, rebates and other financial benefits. A simpler permitting process could help businesses and homeowners alike to install electric vehicle chargers on their premises. Also, creating an established set of best practices to design and implement EV charging stations can help ensure that they are efficient, effective and easy to use. Lastly, leveraging existing technology to improve EV charger efficiency could be a means for communities to create sustainable EV charging network. This is possible by connecting EV charger infrastructure with smart city technologies that analyze and collect information to help make better energy use decisions. EV Integration The integration of EVs to the grid requires consideration of multiple stakeholders and systems involved in urban mobility services. The integration of EVs also requires the creation of new technologies to manage the flow of energy from EVs to and from the grid. In addition, EVs provide opportunities for integrating renewable energy (RE) in the electricity supply system via vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and grid-to-vehicle (G2V) capabilities. This allows EV owners to take advantage of energy prices arbitrage and to sign lower-cost contracts with energy suppliers. Moreover, EVs can provide backup electricity during power outages and decrease the need for the grid to use traditional energy sources. To encourage the use of EVs by consumers, utilities can provide incentives to install EV chargers on their premises. These incentives could be in the form of rebates, vouchers or cashbacks. Utility companies can also implement time-of-use rates to encourage owners of electric vehicles to shift their load from peak demand times. These measures can help to alleviate the burden on the electricity grid and reduce CO2 emissions. In order to connect EVs with the electricity grid, it is essential to develop charging infrastructure that allows communication between EVs and the power system. This includes the installation of smart charging stations and EV-to-grid interfaces (G2V) that permit information transfer between the EV and the charging station. These technologies can improve EV charge speeds, monitor EV State of Charge (SOC) and provide real-time feedback to the driver. Furthermore, a safe and secure EV charging network is vital to maintain user confidence in the technology. These networks are extremely complex and need to be designed in a way that is able to tackle cybersecurity threats such as hacking malware, phishing, and hacking. These threats could affect the security and performance of EVs and the grid. To be able to achieve a fully functional EV integration, all components and actors involved in this process should be considered. Previous studies on EV integration have focused only on technological solutions without taking into account the business aspects. This study makes use of secondary data to study and develop a business plan for integrating EVs to achieve sustainable energy as an option in smart cities.